Special Needs Mobility Device - Wheelchairs

A wheelchair is a mobility device used to help those whose ability to walk or stand might be impaired.  Wheelchairs feature – of course – wheels, which allow the user to roll or be rolled along a surface while sitting.  Wheelchairs have been around for centuries, with the earliest documenting of usage in England dating to the 1670’s.  In addition to use by those unable to walk or stand, wheelchairs may often be appropriate for those who are otherwise disabled mentally or physically. 

Wheelchair Types

There are many types of wheelchairs.  A basic standard manual wheelchair incorporates a seat and back, with two small front wheels and two large wheels in the rear, along with a foot rest.  Varieties on the basic design of wheelchairs also exist, allowing them to be customized for the individual user's needs. The seat size, chair height as well as foot and leg rests and controls, as well as other key features can be customized or added to the different basic models.  It is even possible for those with special needs to have wheelchairs custom-built.  Wheelchairs can also include an assortment of optional accessories such as tilt and recline, anti-tip bars and wheels, seat belts, drink holders, or even features to allow for the carrying of parcels, oxygen tanks, or crutches.  Experiments have also been made with unusual variant wheels, like the omniwheel or the Mecanum wheel. These allow more complete freedom of movement. These types of wheelchairs can be driven forwards, backwards, sideways, and diagonally, and also turned round on the spot or turned around while moving. 

Manual wheelchairs are those that require human power to move them. There are three types of manual wheelchairs, many of them easily portable: self-propelled, attendant-propelled, and wheelbase.  Manual wheelchairs are powered by the occupant, usually by using large rear wheels which the user moves by pushing on the hand rims, which are made of circular tubing attached to the outside of the large wheels. With practice, many users can control speed and learn to balance the chair on its rear wheels – allowing them to climb and descend curbs, as well as maneuver over or around various obstacles.  Handles can also be included on the back to allow the user to be pushed by others.

Electric Wheelchairs

More common today are electric wheelchairs. Electric-powered wheelchairs use electric motors to move the wheels. Generally, these wheelchairs are powered by 4 or 5 amp deep-cycle rechargeable batteries, similar to those used to power outboard boat engines. Many electric-powered wheelchairs feature an on-board charger which can be plugged into a standard wall outlet although models may have a separate charger unit.  These utilize a joystick for maneuvering, and are ideal for those who prefer comfort and convenience (although these wheelchairs can be bulkier), or have limited upper arm strength. 

Wheelchairs can be purchased or leased.  They are widely available through most medical supply companies.  Additionally, many online vendors specialize in the sale of wheelchairs.  Check with your doctor or insurance company to find a vendor near you… and get moving!